| 1. | Upton MN, McConnachie A, McSharry C, Hart CL, Smith GD, Gillis CR, Watt GC. Intergenerational 20 year trends in the prevalence of asthma and hay fever in adults: the Midspan family study surveys of parents and offspring. BMJ 2000;321:88–92. |
| 2. | Kivity S, Shochat Z, Bressler R, Wiener M, Lerman Y. The characteristics of bronchial asthma among a young adult population. Chest 1995;108:24–27. |
| 3. | Goodwin RD, Pine DS. Respiratory disease and panic attacks among adults in the United States. Chest 2002;122:645–650. |
| 4. | Zandbergen J, Bright M, Pols H, Fernandez I, de Loof C, Griez EJ. Higher lifetime prevalence of respiratory diseases in panic disorder? Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:1583–1585. |
| 5. | Goodwin RD, Pine DS, Hoven CW. Asthma and panic attacks among youth in the community. J Asthma 2003;40:139–145. |
| 6. | Goodwin RD, Eaton WW. Asthma and the risk of panic attacks among adults in the community. Psychol Med 2003;33:879–885. |
| 7. | Klein DF. False suffocation alarms, spontaneous panics, and related conditions: an integrative hypothesis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:306–317. |
| 8. | Mongeluzi DL, Rosellini RA, Ley R, Caldarone BJ, Stock HS. The conditioning of dyspneic suffocation fear: effects of carbon dioxide concentration on behavioral freezing and analgesia. Behav Modif 2003;27:620–636. |
| 9. | ten Brinke A, Ouwerkerk ME, Bel EH, Spinhoven P. Similar psychological characteristics in mild and severe asthma. J Psychosom Res 2001;50:7–10. |
| 10. | Dahlem NW, Kinsman RA, Horton DJ. Panic-fear in asthma: requests for as-needed medications in relation to pulmonary function measurements. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1977;60:295–300. |
| 11. | Slattery MJ, Klein DF, Mannuzza S, Moulton JL III, Pine DS, Klein RG. Relationship between separation anxiety disorder, parental panic disorder, and atopic disorders in children: a controlled high-risk study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002;41:947–954. |
| 12. | Isensee B, Wittchen HU, Stein MB, Hofler M, Lieb R. Smoking increases the risk of panic: findings from a prospective community study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:692–700. |
| 13. | Tepper RS, Williams-Nkomo T, Martinez T, Kisling J, Coates C, Daggy J. Parental smoking and airway reactivity in healthy infants. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:78–82. |
| 14. | James AL, Palmer LJ, Kicic E, Maxwell PS, Lagan SE, Ryan GF, Musk AW. Decline in lung function in the Busselton Health Study: the effects of asthma and cigarette smoking. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:109–114. |
| 15. | Chaudhuri R, Livingston E, McMahon AD, Thomson L, Borland W, Thomson NC. Cigarette smoking impairs the therapeutic response to oral corticosteroids in chronic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:1308–1311. |
| 16. | Sandberg S, Paton JY, Ahola S, McCann DC, McGuinness D, Hillary CR, Oja H. The role of acute and chronic stress in asthma attacks in children. Lancet 2000;356:982–987. |
| 17. | Vollrath M, Koch R, Angst J. The Zurich Study. IX. Panic disorder and sporadic panic: symptoms, diagnosis, prevalence, and overlap with depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 1990;239:221–230. |
| 18. | Klinnert MD, Nelson HS, Price MR, Adinoff AD, Leung DY, Mrazek DA. Onset and persistence of childhood asthma: predictors from infancy. Pediatrics 2001;108:E69. |
| 19. | Wright RJ, Cohen S, Carey V, Weiss ST, Gold DR. Parental stress as a predictor of wheezing in infancy: a prospective birth-cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:358–365. |
| 20. | Calam R, Gregg L, Simpson A, Simpson B, Woodcock A, Custovic A. Behavior problems antecede the development of wheeze in childhood: a birth cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:323–327. |
| 21. | Nouwen A, Freeston MH, Labbe R, Boulet LP. Psychological factors associated with emergency room visits among asthmatic patients. Behav Modif 1999;23:217–233. |
| 22. | Dirks JF, Kinsman RA, Horton DJ, Fross KH, Jones NF. Panic-fear in asthma: rehospitalization following intensive long-term treatment. Psychosom Med 1978;40:5–13. |
| 23. | Derogatis LR. Administration, scoring and procedures manual-I for the R (revised) version and other instruments of the Psychopathology Rating Scale Series. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; 1977. |
| 24. | Angst J, Dobler-Mikola A, Binder J. The Zurich Study—a prospective epidemiological study of depressive, neurotic and psychosomatic syndromes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1984;234:13–20. |
| 25. | Angst J, Dobler-Mikola A. The Zurich study. VI. A continuum from depression to anxiety disorders? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1985;235:179–186. |
| 26. | American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed., revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1980. |
| 27. | American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994. |
| 28. | Hasler G, Gergen PJ, Gamma A, Ajdacic V, Eich D, Rossler W, Angst J. The longitudinal association between panic and asthma. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;29:S146. |
| 29. | Eich D, Ajdacic-Gross V, Condrau M, Huber H, Gamma A, Angst J, Rössler W. The Zurich study: participation patterns and symptom checklist 90-R scores in six interviews, 1979–1999. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003;108:1–4. |
| 30. | Angst J. Comorbidity of panic disorder in a community sample. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992;15(Suppl 1 Pt A):176A–177A. |
| 31. | Merikangas KR, Avenevoli S, Acharyya S, Zhang H, Angst J. The spectrum of social phobia in the Zurich cohort study of young adults. Biol Psychiatry 2002;51:81–91. |
| 32. | Zeger SL, Liang KY. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics 1986;42:121–130. |
| 33. | Craske MG, Poulton R, Tsao JC, Plotkin D. Paths to panic disorder/agoraphobia: an exploratory analysis from age 3 to 21 in an unselected birth cohort. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40:556–563. |
| 34. | Last CG, Perrin S, Hersen M, Kazdin AE. A prospective study of childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35:1502–1510. |
| 35. | Koh YY, Kim CK. The development of asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;3:159–164. |
| 36. | Goodwin RD. Asthma and anxiety disorders. Adv Psychosom Med 2003;24:51–71. |
| 37. | Keyl PM, Eaton WW. Risk factors for the onset of panic disorder and other panic attacks in a prospective, population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 1990;131:301–311. |
| 38. | Biederman J, Petty C, Faraone SV, Hirshfeld-Becker D, Pollack MH, Henin A, Gilbert J, Rosenbaum JF. Moderating effects of major depression on patterns of comorbidity in patients with panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 2004;126:143–149. |
| 39. | Hettema JM, Neale MC, Kendler KS. A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:1568–1578. |
| 40. | Jonas BS, Wagener DK, Lando JF, Feldman JJ. Symptoms of anxiety and depression as risk factors for development of asthma. J Appl Biobehav Res 1999;4:91–110. |
| 41. | Lewinsohn PM, Gotlib IH, Lewinsohn M, Seeley JR, Allen NB. Gender differences in anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol 1998;107:109–117. |
| 42. | Merikangas KR, Zhang H, Avenevoli S, Acharyya S, Neuenschwander M, Angst J. Longitudinal trajectories of depression and anxiety in a prospective community study: the Zurich Cohort Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:993–1000. |
| 43. | Davis CE, Hyde JE, Bangdiwala SI, Nelson JJ. An example of dependencies among variables in a conditional logistic regression. In: Moolgavkar SH, Prentice RL, editors. Modern statistical methods in chronic disease epidemiology. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1986. pp. 140–147. |
| 44. | Goodwin RD, Jacobi F, Thefeld W. Mental disorders and asthma in the community. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:1125–1130. |
| 45. | Kim-Cohen J, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Harrington H, Milne BJ, Poulton R. Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:709–717. |
| 46. | Gordis L. Epidemiology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000. |
| 47. | Sheth KK. Activity-induced asthma. Pediatr Clin North Am 2003;50:697–716. |
| 48. | McFadden ER Jr, Gilbert IA. Exercise-induced asthma. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1362–1367. |
| 49. | Anderson SD, Holzer K. Exercise-induced asthma: is it the right diagnosis in elite athletes? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:419–428. |
| 50. | Deal EC Jr, McFadden ER Jr, Ingram RH Jr, Strauss RH, Jaeger JJ. Role of respiratory heat exchange in production of exercise-induced asthma. J Appl Physiol 1979;46:467–475. |
| 51. | Gorman JM, Kent J, Martinez J, Browne S, Coplan J, Papp LA. Physiological changes during carbon dioxide inhalation in patients with panic disorder, major depression, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: evidence for a central fear mechanism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:125–131. |
| 52. | Cluley S, Cochrane GM. Psychological disorder in asthma is associated with poor control and poor adherence to inhaled steroids. Respir Med 2001;95:37–39. |
| 53. | Dales RE, Spitzer WO, Schechter MT, Suissa S. The influence of psychological status on respiratory symptom reporting. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:1459–1463. |
| 54. | Amering M, Bankier B, Berger P, Griengl H, Windhaber J, Katschnig H. Panic disorder and cigarette smoking behavior. Compr Psychiatry 1999;40:35–38. |
| 55. | Breslau N, Klein DF. Smoking and panic attacks: an epidemiologic investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:1141–1147. |
| 56. | Caldirola D, Bellodi L, Cammino S, Perna G. Smoking and respiratory irregularity in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2004;56:393–398. |
| 57. | Guerra S, Wright AL, Morgan WJ, Sherrill DL, Holberg CJ, Martinez FD. Persistence of asthma symptoms during adolescence: role of obesity and age at the onset of puberty. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;170:78–85. |
| 58. | Celedon JC, Wright RJ, Litonjua AA, Sredl D, Ryan L, Weiss ST, Gold DR. Day care attendance in early life, maternal history of asthma, and asthma at the age of 6 years. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167:1239–1243. |
| 59. | Janson C, Bjornsson E, Hetta J, Boman G. Anxiety and depression in relation to respiratory symptoms and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:930–934. |
| 60. | European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Variations in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, self-reported asthma attacks, and use of asthma medication in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Eur Respir J 1996;9:687–695. |
| 61. | Sistek D, Tschopp JM, Schindler C, Brutsche M, Ackermann-Liebrich U, Perruchoud AP, Leuenberger P. Clinical diagnosis of current asthma: predictive value of respiratory symptoms in the SAPALDIA study. Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults. Eur Respir J 2001;17:214–219. |
